Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon and/or rectum. It is equally common in both men and women.

This year it is expected about 148,000 cases will be diagnosed nationally. An estimated 49,960 people will die from the disease.

It is one of the most easily prevented cancers because it can develop from polyps or lesions that can be removed before they become cancerous.

"With colonoscopy and the removal of polyps before they progress to colon cancer, we can prevent the pain and suffering that occurs once the disease occurs and the patients then require surgery, chemotherapy and possible radiation therapy," says Dr. Richard Latuska, a gastroenterologist affiliated with Butler Memorial Hospital and the Butler Ambulatory Surgery Center.

"Today with the technology of newer colonoscopes and anesthesia medications the colonoscopy for the most part is painless."

Here are come tips and guidelines to protect your health:

• Get regular screening tests.

• Exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight.

• Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

• Don't smoke, and don't drink alcohol excessively.

Here are the types of people who may be more at risk for this kind of cancer:

• Men and women age 50 and older

• People with a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or non-cancerous colorectal polyps

• People with a personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease — ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease

• People with a family history of inherited colorectal cancer

• People who use tobacco, are obese and are sedentary

In the early stages, there may not be any symptoms. Later, these symptoms may appear:

• Rectal bleeding and/or blood in or on the stool

• Change in bowel habits and/or stools that are narrower than usual

• Stomach discomfort such as bloating, fullness and/or cramps and frequent gas pains

• Diarrhea, constipation

• Weight loss for no apparent reason and/or constant tiredness

• Vomiting

Starting at age 50, men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer should begin routine screening tests.

If you have a personal or family history of colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease, talk with your health care professional. You may need to get tested earlier or more frequently.

Surgery is the most common treatment for this cancer. Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy is used when the cancer has spread.

This article was submitted by Butler Memorial Hospital.